24 Iterators library [iterators]

24.6 Stream iterators [stream.iterators]

24.6.1 General [stream.iterators.general]

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To make it possible for algorithmic templates to work directly with input/output streams, appropriate iterator-like class templates are provided.
[Example 1: 
partial_sum(istream_iterator<double, char>(cin), istream_iterator<double, char>(), ostream_iterator<double, char>(cout, "\n")); reads a file containing floating-point numbers from cin, and prints the partial sums onto cout.
— end example]

24.6.2 Class template istream_iterator [istream.iterator]

24.6.2.1 General [istream.iterator.general]

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The class template istream_iterator is an input iterator ([input.iterators]) that reads successive elements from the input stream for which it was constructed.
namespace std { template<class T, class charT = char, class traits = char_traits<charT>, class Distance = ptrdiff_t> class istream_iterator { public: using iterator_category = input_iterator_tag; using value_type = T; using difference_type = Distance; using pointer = const T*; using reference = const T&; using char_type = charT; using traits_type = traits; using istream_type = basic_istream<charT,traits>; constexpr istream_iterator(); constexpr istream_iterator(default_sentinel_t); istream_iterator(istream_type& s); constexpr istream_iterator(const istream_iterator& x) noexcept(see below); ~istream_iterator() = default; istream_iterator& operator=(const istream_iterator&) = default; const T& operator*() const; const T* operator->() const; istream_iterator& operator++(); istream_iterator operator++(int); friend bool operator==(const istream_iterator& i, default_sentinel_t); private: basic_istream<charT,traits>* in_stream; // exposition only T value; // exposition only }; }
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The type T shall meet the Cpp17DefaultConstructible, Cpp17CopyConstructible, and Cpp17CopyAssignable requirements.

24.6.2.2 Constructors and destructor [istream.iterator.cons]

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constexpr istream_iterator(); constexpr istream_iterator(default_sentinel_t);
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Effects: Constructs the end-of-stream iterator, value-initializing value.
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Postconditions: in_stream == nullptr is true.
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Remarks: If the initializer T() in the declaration auto x = T(); is a constant initializer ([expr.const]), then these constructors are constexpr constructors.
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istream_iterator(istream_type& s);
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Effects: Initializes in_stream with addressof(s), value-initializes value, and then calls operator++().
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constexpr istream_iterator(const istream_iterator& x) noexcept(see below);
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Effects: Initializes in_stream with x.in_stream and initializes value with x.value.
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Remarks: An invocation of this constructor may be used in a core constant expression if and only if the initialization of value from x.value is a constant subexpression ([defns.const.subexpr]).
The exception specification is equivalent to is_nothrow_copy_constructible_v<T>.
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~istream_iterator() = default;
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Remarks: If is_trivially_destructible_v<T> is true, then this destructor is trivial.

24.6.2.3 Operations [istream.iterator.ops]

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const T& operator*() const;
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Preconditions: in_stream != nullptr is true.
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Returns: value.
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const T* operator->() const;
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Preconditions: in_stream != nullptr is true.
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Returns: addressof(value).
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istream_iterator& operator++();
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Preconditions: in_stream != nullptr is true.
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Effects: Equivalent to: if (!(*in_stream >> value)) in_stream = nullptr;
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Returns: *this.
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istream_iterator operator++(int);
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Preconditions: in_stream != nullptr is true.
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Effects: Equivalent to: istream_iterator tmp = *this; ++*this; return tmp;
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template<class T, class charT, class traits, class Distance> bool operator==(const istream_iterator<T,charT,traits,Distance>& x, const istream_iterator<T,charT,traits,Distance>& y);
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Returns: x.in_stream == y.in_stream.
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friend bool operator==(const istream_iterator& i, default_sentinel_t);
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Returns: !i.in_stream.

24.6.3 Class template ostream_iterator [ostream.iterator]

24.6.3.1 General [ostream.iterator.general]

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ostream_iterator writes (using operator<<) successive elements onto the output stream from which it was constructed.
If it was constructed with charT* as a constructor argument, this string, called a delimiter string, is written to the stream after every T is written.
namespace std { template<class T, class charT = char, class traits = char_traits<charT>> class ostream_iterator { public: using iterator_category = output_iterator_tag; using value_type = void; using difference_type = ptrdiff_t; using pointer = void; using reference = void; using char_type = charT; using traits_type = traits; using ostream_type = basic_ostream<charT,traits>; ostream_iterator(ostream_type& s); ostream_iterator(ostream_type& s, const charT* delimiter); ostream_iterator(const ostream_iterator& x); ~ostream_iterator(); ostream_iterator& operator=(const ostream_iterator&) = default; ostream_iterator& operator=(const T& value); ostream_iterator& operator*(); ostream_iterator& operator++(); ostream_iterator& operator++(int); private: basic_ostream<charT,traits>* out_stream; // exposition only const charT* delim; // exposition only }; }

24.6.3.2 Constructors and destructor [ostream.iterator.cons.des]

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ostream_iterator(ostream_type& s);
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Effects: Initializes out_stream with addressof(s) and delim with nullptr.
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ostream_iterator(ostream_type& s, const charT* delimiter);
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Effects: Initializes out_stream with addressof(s) and delim with delimiter.

24.6.3.3 Operations [ostream.iterator.ops]

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ostream_iterator& operator=(const T& value);
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Effects: As if by: *out_stream << value; if (delim) *out_stream << delim; return *this;
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ostream_iterator& operator*();
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Returns: *this.
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ostream_iterator& operator++(); ostream_iterator& operator++(int);
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Returns: *this.

24.6.4 Class template istreambuf_iterator [istreambuf.iterator]

24.6.4.1 General [istreambuf.iterator.general]

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The class template istreambuf_iterator defines an input iterator that reads successive characters from the streambuf for which it was constructed.
operator* provides access to the current input character, if any.
Each time operator++ is evaluated, the iterator advances to the next input character.
If the end of stream is reached (streambuf_type​::​sgetc() returns traits​::​eof()), the iterator becomes equal to the end-of-stream iterator value.
The default constructor istreambuf_iterator() and the constructor istreambuf_iterator(nullptr) both construct an end-of-stream iterator object suitable for use as an end-of-range.
All specializations of istreambuf_iterator shall have a trivial copy constructor, a constexpr default constructor, and a trivial destructor.
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The result of operator*() on an end-of-stream iterator is undefined.
For any other iterator value a char_type value is returned.
It is impossible to assign a character via an input iterator.
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namespace std { template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT>> class istreambuf_iterator { public: using iterator_category = input_iterator_tag; using value_type = charT; using difference_type = typename traits::off_type; using pointer = unspecified; using reference = charT; using char_type = charT; using traits_type = traits; using int_type = typename traits::int_type; using streambuf_type = basic_streambuf<charT,traits>; using istream_type = basic_istream<charT,traits>; // [istreambuf.iterator.proxy], class istreambuf_iterator​::​proxy class proxy; // exposition only constexpr istreambuf_iterator() noexcept; constexpr istreambuf_iterator(default_sentinel_t) noexcept; istreambuf_iterator(const istreambuf_iterator&) noexcept = default; ~istreambuf_iterator() = default; istreambuf_iterator(istream_type& s) noexcept; istreambuf_iterator(streambuf_type* s) noexcept; istreambuf_iterator(const proxy& p) noexcept; istreambuf_iterator& operator=(const istreambuf_iterator&) noexcept = default; charT operator*() const; istreambuf_iterator& operator++(); proxy operator++(int); bool equal(const istreambuf_iterator& b) const; friend bool operator==(const istreambuf_iterator& i, default_sentinel_t s); private: streambuf_type* sbuf_; // exposition only }; }

24.6.4.2 Class istreambuf_iterator​::​proxy [istreambuf.iterator.proxy]

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Class istreambuf_iterator<charT,traits>​::​proxy is for exposition only.
An implementation is permitted to provide equivalent functionality without providing a class with this name.
Class istreambuf_iterator<charT, traits>​::​proxy provides a temporary placeholder as the return value of the post-increment operator (operator++).
It keeps the character pointed to by the previous value of the iterator for some possible future access to get the character.
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namespace std { template<class charT, class traits> class istreambuf_iterator<charT, traits>::proxy { // exposition only charT keep_; basic_streambuf<charT,traits>* sbuf_; proxy(charT c, basic_streambuf<charT,traits>* sbuf) : keep_(c), sbuf_(sbuf) { } public: charT operator*() { return keep_; } }; }

24.6.4.3 Constructors [istreambuf.iterator.cons]

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For each istreambuf_iterator constructor in this subclause, an end-of-stream iterator is constructed if and only if the exposition-only member sbuf_ is initialized with a null pointer value.
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constexpr istreambuf_iterator() noexcept; constexpr istreambuf_iterator(default_sentinel_t) noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with nullptr.
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istreambuf_iterator(istream_type& s) noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with s.rdbuf().
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istreambuf_iterator(streambuf_type* s) noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with s.
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istreambuf_iterator(const proxy& p) noexcept;
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with p.sbuf_.

24.6.4.4 Operations [istreambuf.iterator.ops]

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charT operator*() const;
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Returns: The character obtained via the streambuf member sbuf_->sgetc().
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istreambuf_iterator& operator++();
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Effects: As if by sbuf_->sbumpc().
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Returns: *this.
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proxy operator++(int);
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Returns: proxy(sbuf_->sbumpc(), sbuf_).
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bool equal(const istreambuf_iterator& b) const;
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Returns: true if and only if both iterators are at end-of-stream, or neither is at end-of-stream, regardless of what streambuf object they use.
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template<class charT, class traits> bool operator==(const istreambuf_iterator<charT,traits>& a, const istreambuf_iterator<charT,traits>& b);
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Returns: a.equal(b).
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friend bool operator==(const istreambuf_iterator& i, default_sentinel_t s);
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Returns: i.equal(s).

24.6.5 Class template ostreambuf_iterator [ostreambuf.iterator]

24.6.5.1 General [ostreambuf.iterator.general]

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The class template ostreambuf_iterator writes successive characters onto the output stream from which it was constructed.
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namespace std { template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT>> class ostreambuf_iterator { public: using iterator_category = output_iterator_tag; using value_type = void; using difference_type = ptrdiff_t; using pointer = void; using reference = void; using char_type = charT; using traits_type = traits; using streambuf_type = basic_streambuf<charT,traits>; using ostream_type = basic_ostream<charT,traits>; ostreambuf_iterator(ostream_type& s) noexcept; ostreambuf_iterator(streambuf_type* s) noexcept; ostreambuf_iterator& operator=(charT c); ostreambuf_iterator& operator*(); ostreambuf_iterator& operator++(); ostreambuf_iterator& operator++(int); bool failed() const noexcept; private: streambuf_type* sbuf_; // exposition only }; }

24.6.5.2 Constructors [ostreambuf.iter.cons]

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ostreambuf_iterator(ostream_type& s) noexcept;
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Preconditions: s.rdbuf() is not a null pointer.
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with s.rdbuf().
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ostreambuf_iterator(streambuf_type* s) noexcept;
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Preconditions: s is not a null pointer.
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Effects: Initializes sbuf_ with s.

24.6.5.3 Operations [ostreambuf.iter.ops]

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ostreambuf_iterator& operator=(charT c);
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Effects: If failed() yields false, calls sbuf_->sputc(c); otherwise has no effect.
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Returns: *this.
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ostreambuf_iterator& operator*();
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Returns: *this.
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ostreambuf_iterator& operator++(); ostreambuf_iterator& operator++(int);
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Returns: *this.
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bool failed() const noexcept;
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Returns: true if in any prior use of member operator=, the call to sbuf_->sputc() returned traits​::​eof(); or false otherwise.