31 Input/output library [input.output]

31.2 Iostreams requirements [iostreams.requirements]

31.2.4 Thread safety [iostreams.threadsafety]

Concurrent access to a stream object ([string.streams], [file.streams]), stream buffer object ([stream.buffers]), or C Library stream ([c.files]) by multiple threads may result in a data race ([intro.multithread]) unless otherwise specified ([iostream.objects]).
[Note 1: 
Data races result in undefined behavior ([intro.multithread]).
— end note]
If one thread makes a library call a that writes a value to a stream and, as a result, another thread reads this value from the stream through a library call b such that this does not result in a data race, then a's write synchronizes with b's read.