32 Concurrency support library [thread]

32.6 Mutual exclusion [thread.mutex]

32.6.5 Locks [thread.lock]

32.6.5.4 Class template unique_lock [thread.lock.unique]

32.6.5.4.1 General [thread.lock.unique.general]

namespace std { template<class Mutex> class unique_lock { public: using mutex_type = Mutex; // [thread.lock.unique.cons], construct/copy/destroy unique_lock() noexcept; explicit unique_lock(mutex_type& m); unique_lock(mutex_type& m, defer_lock_t) noexcept; unique_lock(mutex_type& m, try_to_lock_t); unique_lock(mutex_type& m, adopt_lock_t); template<class Clock, class Duration> unique_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); template<class Rep, class Period> unique_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); ~unique_lock(); unique_lock(const unique_lock&) = delete; unique_lock& operator=(const unique_lock&) = delete; unique_lock(unique_lock&& u) noexcept; unique_lock& operator=(unique_lock&& u); // [thread.lock.unique.locking], locking void lock(); bool try_lock(); template<class Rep, class Period> bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time); template<class Clock, class Duration> bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time); void unlock(); // [thread.lock.unique.mod], modifiers void swap(unique_lock& u) noexcept; mutex_type* release() noexcept; // [thread.lock.unique.obs], observers bool owns_lock() const noexcept; explicit operator bool () const noexcept; mutex_type* mutex() const noexcept; private: mutex_type* pm; // exposition only bool owns; // exposition only }; }
An object of type unique_lock controls the ownership of a lockable object within a scope.
Ownership of the lockable object may be acquired at construction or after construction, and may be transferred, after acquisition, to another unique_lock object.
Objects of type unique_lock are not copyable but are movable.
The behavior of a program is undefined if the contained pointer pm is not null and the lockable object pointed to by pm does not exist for the entire remaining lifetime ([basic.life]) of the unique_lock object.
The supplied Mutex type shall meet the Cpp17BasicLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.basic]).
[Note 1: 
unique_lock<Mutex> meets the Cpp17BasicLockable requirements.
If Mutex meets the Cpp17Lockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.req]), unique_lock<Mutex> also meets the Cpp17Lockable requirements; if Mutex meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.timed]), unique_lock<Mutex> also meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements.
— end note]

32.6.5.4.2 Constructors, destructor, and assignment [thread.lock.unique.cons]

unique_lock() noexcept;
Postconditions: pm == nullptr and owns == false.
explicit unique_lock(mutex_type& m);
Effects: Calls m.lock().
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == true.
unique_lock(mutex_type& m, defer_lock_t) noexcept;
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == false.
unique_lock(mutex_type& m, try_to_lock_t);
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex type meets the Cpp17Lockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.req]).
Effects: Calls m.try_lock().
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == res, where res is the value returned by the call to m.try_lock().
unique_lock(mutex_type& m, adopt_lock_t);
Preconditions: The calling thread holds a non-shared lock on m.
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == true.
Throws: Nothing.
template<class Clock, class Duration> unique_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex type meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.timed]).
Effects: Calls m.try_lock_until(abs_time).
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == res, where res is the value returned by the call to m.try_lock_until(abs_time).
template<class Rep, class Period> unique_lock(mutex_type& m, const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex type meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.timed]).
Effects: Calls m.try_lock_for(rel_time).
Postconditions: pm == addressof(m) and owns == res, where res is the value returned by the call to m.try_lock_for(rel_time).
unique_lock(unique_lock&& u) noexcept;
Postconditions: pm == u_p.pm and owns == u_p.owns (where u_p is the state of u just prior to this construction), u.pm == 0 and u.owns == false.
unique_lock& operator=(unique_lock&& u);
Effects: If owns calls pm->unlock().
Postconditions: pm == u_p.pm and owns == u_p.owns (where u_p is the state of u just prior to this construction), u.pm == 0 and u.owns == false.
[Note 1: 
With a recursive mutex it is possible for both *this and u to own the same mutex before the assignment.
In this case, *this will own the mutex after the assignment and u will not.
— end note]
Throws: Nothing.
~unique_lock();
Effects: If owns calls pm->unlock().

32.6.5.4.3 Locking [thread.lock.unique.locking]

void lock();
Effects: As if by pm->lock().
Postconditions: owns == true.
Throws: Any exception thrown by pm->lock().
system_error when an exception is required ([thread.req.exception]).
Error conditions:
  • operation_not_permitted — if pm is nullptr.
  • resource_deadlock_would_occur — if on entry owns is true.
bool try_lock();
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex meets the Cpp17Lockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.req]).
Effects: As if by pm->try_lock().
Postconditions: owns == res, where res is the value returned by pm->try_lock().
Returns: The value returned by pm->try_lock().
Throws: Any exception thrown by pm->try_lock().
system_error when an exception is required ([thread.req.exception]).
Error conditions:
  • operation_not_permitted — if pm is nullptr.
  • resource_deadlock_would_occur — if on entry owns is true.
template<class Clock, class Duration> bool try_lock_until(const chrono::time_point<Clock, Duration>& abs_time);
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex type meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.timed]).
Effects: As if by pm->try_lock_until(abs_time).
Postconditions: owns == res, where res is the value returned by pm->try_lock_until(abs_time).
Returns: The value returned by pm->try_lock_until(abs_time).
Throws: Any exception thrown by pm->try_lock_until(abstime).
system_error when an exception is required ([thread.req.exception]).
Error conditions:
  • operation_not_permitted — if pm is nullptr.
  • resource_deadlock_would_occur — if on entry owns is true.
template<class Rep, class Period> bool try_lock_for(const chrono::duration<Rep, Period>& rel_time);
Preconditions: The supplied Mutex type meets the Cpp17TimedLockable requirements ([thread.req.lockable.timed]).
Effects: As if by pm->try_lock_for(rel_time).
Postconditions: owns == res, where res is the value returned by pm->try_lock_for(rel_time).
Returns: The value returned by pm->try_lock_for(rel_time).
Throws: Any exception thrown by pm->try_lock_for(rel_time).
system_error when an exception is required ([thread.req.exception]).
Error conditions:
  • operation_not_permitted — if pm is nullptr.
  • resource_deadlock_would_occur — if on entry owns is true.
void unlock();
Effects: As if by pm->unlock().
Postconditions: owns == false.
Throws: system_error when an exception is required ([thread.req.exception]).
Error conditions:
  • operation_not_permitted — if on entry owns is false.

32.6.5.4.4 Modifiers [thread.lock.unique.mod]

void swap(unique_lock& u) noexcept;
Effects: Swaps the data members of *this and u.
mutex_type* release() noexcept;
Postconditions: pm == 0 and owns == false.
Returns: The previous value of pm.
template<class Mutex> void swap(unique_lock<Mutex>& x, unique_lock<Mutex>& y) noexcept;
Effects: As if by x.swap(y).

32.6.5.4.5 Observers [thread.lock.unique.obs]

bool owns_lock() const noexcept;
Returns: owns.
explicit operator bool() const noexcept;
Returns: owns.
mutex_type *mutex() const noexcept;
Returns: pm.